基于区块链技术下两条竞争供应链的策略选择

doi:10.12341/jssms22436

文章研究基于区块链技术的两条竞争供应链策略选择问题.考虑两条相互竞争的供应链,每一条供应链由一个制造商和一个零售商组成,研究两条供应链引入区块链技术的条件以及采用区块链技术供应链企业如何制定运营策略.建立三种模型:两条供应链均不采用区块链技术,两条供应链均采用区块链技术,一条供应链不采用区块链技术,另外一条供应链采用区块链技术.采用博弈方法,每条供应链内制造商和零售商之间进行Stackelberg博弈,链间两个零售商竞争订货量进行Cournot博弈,链间两个制造商竞争批发价进行Bertrand博弈,得到每一种模型的最优零售价、批发价和供应链收益,进一步对比分析三种模型最优策略之间的关系;其次,将两条供应链是否采取区块链的策略选择问题看成是双矩阵博弈,求解双矩阵博弈的纳什均衡,得到两条供应链选择区块链技术的条件;最后,进一步通过数值实例分析,区块链运营成本和供应链竞争系数对供应链策略选择和收益的影响.结论表明:两条竞争供应链均衡策略的选取受区块链成本的影响,当区块链运营成本比较低时,均衡策略是两条供应链均采取区块链技术;当区块链运营成本比较高时,均衡策略是一条供应链采用区块链技术另一条供应链不采取区块链技术.

关键词： 区块链技术, 供应链竞争, 纳什均衡

This paper studies the strategies selection of two competitive supply chain based on blockchain technology. Consider two competing supply chains, each of consisting a manufacturer and a retailer. This paper studies how supply chain enterprises develop operational strategies under the conditions of adopting blockchain technology in two supply chains. Firstly, three models are built: Neither of the two supply chains adopts blockchain technology, both supply chains adopt blockchain technology as well as one supply chain does not use blockchain technology, and the other supply chain does. Stackelberg game is played between the manufacturer and retailer in each supply chain, the Cournot game is played between two retailers competing for order quantity, and the Bertrand game is played between two manufacturers competing for wholesale price. The optimal retail price, wholesale price and supply chain revenue of each model are obtained. The optimal strategies of the three models are compared and analyzed. Secondly, the strategy selection of two supply chains is regarded as a bimatrix game, and the Nash Equilibrium of the bimatrix game is solved to obtain the conditions for the two supply chains to choose the blockchain technology. Finally, the influence of blockchain operation cost and supply chain competition coefficient on supply chain strategy selection and benefits is further analyzed by a numerical example. The results show that the two competing supply chain equilibrium strategies are affected by the cost of blockchain. When the operating cost of blockchain is relatively low, the equilibrium strategy is to adopt blockchain technology for two supply chains. When the operation cost of blockchain is relatively high, equilibrium strategies are that one supply chain adopts blockchain technology and the other supply chain does not.

Key words: Blockchain technology, supply chain competition, Nash equilibrium

MR(2010)主题分类:

91A10

分享此文:

[1] Manupati V K, Schoenherr T, Ramkumar M, et al. A blockchain-based approach for a multi-echelon sustainable supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 2020, 58(7):2222-2241.
[2] Hastig G M, Sodhi M M S. Blockchain for supply chain traceability:Business requirements and critical success factors. Production and Operations Management, 2020, 29(4):935-954.
[3] Choi T M, Feng L, Li R. Information disclosure structure in supply chains with rental service platforms in the blockchain technology era. International Journal of Production Economics, 2020, 221:107473.
[4] Panda S K, Satapathy S C. Drug traceability and transparency in medical supply chain using blockchain for easing the process and creating trust between stakeholders and consumers. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 2021, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-021-01588-3.
[5] Sharma M, Joshi S, Luthra S, et al. Managing disruptions and risks amidst COVID-19 outbreaks:role of blockchain technology in developing resilient food supply chains. Operations Management Research, 2022, 15:268-281.
[6] Zheng K N, Zhang Z P, Gauthier J. Blockchain-based intelligent contract for factoring business in supply chains. Annals of Operations Research, 2022, 308:777-797.
[7] 邓爱民, 李云凤. 基于区块链的供应链"智能保理" 业务模式及博弈分析. 管理评论, 2019, 31(9):231-240. (Deng A M, Li Y F. "Intelligent factoring" business model and game analysis in the supply chain based on block chain. Management Review, 2019, 31(9):231-240.)
[8] Zhang R, Xia Z, Liu B. Optimal pricing decisions for dual-channel supply chain:Blockchain adoption and consumer sensitivity. Complexity, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4605455.
[9] Xu X, Zhang M, Dou G, et al. Coordination of a supply chain with an online platform considering green technology in the blockchain era. International Journal of Production Research, 2021, 1-18. doi:10.1080/00207543.2021.1894367.
[10] Xu X, Choi T M. Supply chain operations with online platforms under the cap-and-trade regulation:Impacts of using blockchain technology. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2021, 155:102491.
[11] 张令荣, 彭博, 程春琪. 基于区块链技术的低碳供应链政府补贴策略研究. 中国管理科学, 2022, 1-13. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2835.G3.20210926.1324.002.html. (Zhang L R, Peng B, Cheng C Q. Research on government subsidy strategy of low-carbon supply chain based on block-chain technology. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2022, 1-13. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2835.G3.20210926.1324.002.html.)
[12] 闫妍, 张锦. 基于区块链技术的供应链主体风险规避研究. 工业工程与管理, 2018, 23(6):33-42. (Yan Y, Zhang J. A study on supply chain subject with a risk-aversion retailer based on block chain technology. Industrial Engineering and Management, 2018, 23(6):33-42.)
[13] Gu X, Ieromonachou P, Zhou L. Subsidising an electric vehicle supply chain with imperfect information. International Journal of Production Economics, 2019, 211:82-97.
[14] 张李浩, 张广雯, 张荣. 低碳供应链与高碳供应链之间的竞争契约均衡选择策略. 计算机集成制造系统, 2018, 24(3):763-771. (Zhang L H, Zhang G W, Zhang R. Equilibrium contracts strategies of low carbon supply chain and high carbon supply chain. Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, 2018, 24(3):763-771.)
[15] 罗剑玉, 宋华, 杨晓叶等. 竞争性绿色供应链中制造商提供绿色服务的信息共享研究. 中国管理科学, 2022, 1-12. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2835.G3.20210908.2044.005.html. (Luo J Y, Song H, Yang X Y, et al. Research on information sharing of manufacturers providing green services in competitive green supply chain. Chinese Journal of Management Science, 2022, 1-12. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.2835.G3.20210908.2044.005.html.)
[16] Xia T, Wang Y, Lü L, et al. Financing decisions of low-carbon supply Chain under Chain-to-Chain competition. International Journal of Production Research, 2022, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2021.2023833.
[17] Zhao H, Chen J, Ai X. Contract strategy in the presence of chain to chain competition. International Journal of Production Research, 2022, 60(6):1913-1931.
[18] Tao F, Xie Y, Wang Y Y, et al. Contract strategies in competitive supply chains subject to inventory inaccuracy. Annals of Operations Research, 2022, 309(2):641-661.
[19] Zhang A, Guo X, Zhang Z. Inventory decision models with competition existing between two parallel supply chains. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 2009, 5(5):717-736.
[20] Wu C H, Chen C W, Hsieh C C. Competitive pricing decisions in a two-echelon supply chain with horizontal and vertical competition. International Journal of Production Economics, 2012, 135(1):265-274.
[21] Zhu W, He Y. Green product design in supply chains under competition. European Journal of Operational Research, 2017, 258(1):165-180.
[22] Ma P, Zhang C, Hong X, et al. Pricing decisions for substitutable products with green manufacturing in a competitive supply chain. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 183:618-640.
[23] Cachon G P, Kok A G. Competing manufacturers in a retail supply chain:On contractual form and coordination. Management Science, 2010, 56(3):571-589.
[24] Yang L, Zhang Q, Ji J. Pricing and carbon emission reduction decisions in supply chains with vertical and horizontal cooperation. International Journal of Production Economics, 2017, 191:286-297.
[25] Shen H, Liu J, Zhang G Q, et al. Revenue-sharing versus wholesale price contracts under chain-to-chain competition. Proceedings of the Seventh International Forum on Decision Sciences, 2020, 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5720-0-14.
[26] 李晓静, 艾兴政, 唐小我. 基于供应链竞争的技术创新价值与溢出效应. 系统工程学报, 2017, 32(6):809-817. (Li X J, Ai X Z, Tang X W. Technological innovation value and spillover effect based on supply chain competition. Journal of Systems Engineering, 2017, 32(6):809-817.)
[27] Wu T, Kung C C. Carbon emissions, technology upgradation and financing risk of the green supply chain competition. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2020, 152:119884.
[28] Jamali M B, Rasti-Barzoki M. A game theoretic approach for green and non-green product pricing in chain-to-chain competitive sustainable and regular dual-channel supply chains. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 170:1029-1043.
[29] Ha A Y, Tong S L. Contracting and information sharing under supply chain competition. Management Science, 2008, 54(4):701-715.
[30] Li X, Li Y. Chain-to-chain competition on product sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016, 112:2058-2065.
[31] Xu H, Liu X, Huang H, et al. Innovation information sharing between two competitive supply chains. International Transactions in Operational Research, 2022, 29(1):471-495.
[32] Chen Z B, Tian C Y, Zhang D. Supply chains competition with vertical and horizontal information sharing. European J. of Industrial Engineering, 2019, 13(1):29-53.
[33] Wu T, Zhang L G, Ge T. Managing financing risk in capacity investment under green supply chain competition. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2019, 143:37-44.
[34] Chen D Y, Tian C Y, et al. Competition among supply chains:The choice of financing strategy. Operational Research, 2022, 22: 977-1000.
[35] Matsui K. Asymmetric product distribution between symmetric manufacturers using dual-channel supply chains. European Journal of Operational Research, 2016, 248(2):646-657.
[36] Li X, Ai X. A choice of selling format in the online marketplace with cross-sales supply chain:Platform selling or traditional reselling? Electronic Commerce Research, 2021, 21(2):393-422.
[37] Kshetri N. Blockchain's roles in meeting key supply chain management objectives. International Journal of Information Management, 2018, 39:80-89.
[38] Schmidt C G, Wagner S M. Blockchain and supply chain relations: A transaction cost theory perspective. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 2019, 25(4):100552.
[39] Cole R, Stevenson M, Aitken J. Blockchain technology:Implications for operations and supply chain management. Supply Chain Management, 2019, 24(4):469-483.
[40] Niu B, Dong J, Dai Z, et al. Market expansion vs. intensified competition:Overseas supplier's adoption of blockchain in a cross-border agricultural supply chain. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2022, 51:101113.
[41] Ji G, Zhou S, Lai K H, et al. Timing of blockchain adoption in a supply chain with competing manufacturers. International Journal of Production Economics, 2022, 247:108430.
[42] Fan Z P, Wu X Y, Cao B B. Considering the traceability awareness of consumers:Should the supply chain adopt the blockchain technology? Annals of Operations Research, 2022, 309(2):837-860.
[43] Choi T M. Blockchain-technology-supported platforms for diamond authentication and certification in luxury supply chains. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2019, 128:17-29.
[44] Wu X Y, Fan Z P, Cao B B. An analysis of strategies for adopting blockchain technology in the fresh product supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 2021, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2021.1930239.
[45] Liu P, Long Y, Song H C, et al. Investment decision and coordination of green agri-food supply chain considering information service based on blockchain and big data. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 277:123646.
[46] Choi T M, Luo S. Data quality challenges for sustainable fashion supply chain operations in emerging markets:Roles of blockchain, government sponsors and environment taxes. Transportation Research Part E:Logistics and Transportation Review, 2019, 131:139-152.
[47] Chod J, Trichakis N, Tsoukalas G, et al. On the financing benefits of supply chain transparency and blockchain adoption. Management Science, 2020, 66(10):4378-4396.
[48] Choi T M. Supply chain financing using blockchain:Impacts on supply chains selling fashionable products. Annals of Operations Research, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-020-03615-7.
[49] Zheng K N, Zhang Z P, Jeffrey Gauthier. Blockchain-based intelligent contract for factoring business in supply chains. Annals of Operations Research, 2022, 308:777-797.
[50] 刘露, 李勇建, 姜涛. 基于区块链信用传递功能的供应链融资策略. 系统工程理论与实践, 2021, 41(5):1179-1196. (Liu L, Li Y J, Jiang T. Supply chain financing strategy based on blockchain credit transfer function. Systems Engineering——Theory & Practice, 2021, 41(5):1179-1196.)
[51] Singh N, Vives X. Price and quantity competition in a differentiated duopoly. The Rand Journal of Economics, 1984, 15(4):546-554.

[1]	王佩, 张玲, 阮坚. 不完全信息环境下具有随机工资和保费返还条款的DC养老金均衡策略[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2023, 43(1): 129-150.
[2]	卢婧琦, 洪世煌, 江俊. 一类集值优化最小解的存在性与适定性及应用[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2022, 42(4): 1011-1022.
[3]	王佩, 张玲, 范思雨. 股票误价和信息部分可观测下的时间一致再保险和投资策略[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2021, 41(7): 1834-1855.
[4]	徐秀丽, 刘锦平. 可见情形下有灾难到达的流体可修排队均衡分析[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2021, 41(7): 1972-1984.
[5]	刘秀丽, 刘锦平, 张怡通. 带有拥塞调控阈值的流体可修排队均衡分析[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2021, 41(6): 1715-1728.
[6]	朱怀念, 宾宁, 张成科. 一类双层非零和随机微分投资与再保险博弈模型[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2021, 41(11): 3234-3253.
[7]	陈倩倩，李好好. 有服务等级排序博弈问题的混合协调机制研究[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2019, 39(3): 396-408.
[8]	程代展，赵寅，徐听听. 演化博弈与逻辑动态系统的优化控制[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2012, 32(10): 1226-1238.
[9]	王明喜;王明荣;汪寿阳. 碳关税对发展中国家的经济影响及对策分析[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2011, 31(2): 187-196.
[10]	张利军;程代展;李春文. 立体阵的一般结构[J]. 系统科学与数学, 2005, 25(4): 439-450.

阅读次数

全文

摘要

基于区块链技术下两条竞争供应链的策略选择

Strategy Selection of Two Competing Supply Chains Based on Blockchain Technology