The fitness evaluation between resources and demand factors of distributed renewable energy construction planning projects can provide the basis for scientific decision-making, planning optimization and improvement of implementation effect. In order to clearly describe the adaptability of distributed renewable energy projects to the upstream and downstream bilateral response, the concepts of fitness and fitness index of R-P-D chain were defined. Based on the development and utilization characteristics of renewable energy projects, the fitness evaluation system was expanded with perspective of R-P-D chain which incorporating indicators of generalized resource conditions and user demand such as public opinion, planning, land carbon-bearing capacity, power system and strategy. A bottom-level index calculation method was established based on the moment estimation theory for optimal combination weight of the subjective and objective. The fitness comprehensive model was constructed in which the coordination degree of project and resource side, project and demand side were taken as weight, and R-P and D-P matching scores were taken as value. Moreover, the distributed renewable energy project fitness model based on R-P-D chain was applied to distributed photovoltaic power generation projects to verify the superiority and applicability of the proposed model. The R-P-D chain three-dimensional fitness axis and matching evaluation scale were proposed, the R-P-D chain fitness index interval was divided, and the project fitness, matching category and fitness index were quantitatively determined. This theory provides a new method for project decision-making, optimization and effect evaluation.