公共卫生应急决策是公共卫生管理的核心, 也是有效应对公共卫生事件的关键. 近年来频发的公共卫生事件已对公众安全和身体健康造成严重的威胁. 因此, 亟待研究应对突发公共卫生事件的应急决策理论与方法. 文章以公共卫生应急决策为研究背景讨论双论域量化模糊粗糙集理论与方法. 首先定义了基于模糊相容关系的双论域量化模糊粗糙集模型, 进而充分考虑公共卫生应急决策问题的特征, 并将公共卫生应急决策过程转化为具有模糊决策对象的模糊近似决策问题, 构建基于突发公共卫生应急决策的双论域量化模糊粗糙集应用模型. 通过在双论域量化近似空间上计算模糊决策对象的上下近似, 并结合经典非确定型决策的思想给出公共卫生应急处置的决策规则. 该模型提出了一种在不完全信息环境下公共卫生应急决策的方法, 以及在充分考虑决策者个人偏好信息基础上的最优决策规则. 最后, 将理论模型应用于两个不同的公共卫生应急决策问题以说明文章所构建模型的应用过程及其有效性, 同时结合数值算例应用结果提出处理实际问题时相应的决策建议.

Emergency decision making of public health is the core of public health management, and also the key to effective response and successful disposal of public health events. In recent years, frequent public health events have posed serious threats to human life security and social stability. Therefore, it is urgent to study the emergency decision theory and methods for dealing with public health emergencies. In this paper, we discuss the theory of double quantitative fuzzy set over two universes with the background of public health decision-making. Then we define a double quantitative fuzzy set model based on the fuzzy compatible relation over two universes. By the theory of double quantitative fuzzy set over two universes, the public health decision-making changes into a fuzzy approximation of a fuzzy decision object on the decision approximation space over two universes. So, we construct the model of public health decision-making based on double quantitative fuzzy set over two universes. We compute the lower (upper) approximation of the fuzzy decision object with respect to the double quantitative approximation space over two universes, and then present the public health decision rules by combing the idea of uncertainty decision-making. Moreover, the algorithm of the decision is given. This model gives a kind of decision approach to public health decision-making under the condition of incomplete information. Furthermore, it also gives the optimal decision rules by considering the preference of the decision-makers. The proposed model could give a properly descriptive of the characters for the public health decision-making with incomplete information and urgently time. Therefore, it can provide a basic theory and a decision approach in practice for public health decision-making. Finally, the theoretical model is applied to two different public health emergency decision-making problems, and the application process and effectiveness of the model constructed in this paper is illustrated.